Working for a telecomunication company, Arno pienzas and Robert Woodrow Wilson were building a more sensitive microwave antenna when they noticed an unexplanable static sound coming from all directions, with no aparent source.
It is only after sharing their findings with physicists that they understood they listened to the big bang.
Arno Penzias is a German physicist and radio astronomer who emigrated to the United States in 1940, aged 7. He studied at the City College of New York in chemistry before changing to physics. He served for two years as a radar officer, and then went on to work at Bell labs after obtaining a PhD from Columbia in 1962.
Robert Woordrow Wilson, born in 1936 in Houston Texas, graduated from the California Institude of Technology in astronomy and worked for Caltech before joining Bell Labs.
When looking towards the sky with the Holmdel Horn Antennato find sources of radiations that might be damaging Bell Telephone Laboratory's satellites, Arno Pienzas and Robert Woodrow Wilson noticed static radiowave radiations coming from all directions, with no aparent source. After testing different hypothesis of what might cause this interference, including dead birds and New York City radiations, they still could not explain the noise.
At the same time, Princeton University researchers were theorizing the possible origin of the universe from a "Big Bang", and recognized in the Bell Labs team's findings a proof of this event. This radiation is called the "Cosmic Microwave Background".
This radiation is a leftover from early stages of the galaxy, when the hot matter created by the big bang started to cool off, emitting radiations in all directions.
Oscar Clermont: FDC-CMB